The influence of the european culture in management leadership style Research Paper

The influence of the european culture in management leadership style of european managers working in Asian countries focusing on - Research Paper Example The approach used in leadership and management therefore determines the outcome of the various decisions made. However, all these are influenced by factors such as the immediate as well as external environment, the structure of the organisation or institution, business culture and the relationships which exist between the management and the subordinates (Marcus et al, 2003). Management and leadership are inherently dependent on each other although leadership is a component of management and success in any decision made is influenced by the balance between the two elements (Hofstede, 1991). Management styles are influenced by the leadership styles employed in the running of business entities. There are four fundamental leadership styles although there are several others which are based on the particular management approaches used. These include democratic, laissez faire, autocratic and participative leadership styles. Democratic, laissez faire and participative management leadership s tyles involve staff while autocratic style is purely based on the management making decisions for the business or company (Marcus et al, 2003). ... Asia in specific India has been receptive to the European leadership styles compared to other parts of Asia and African countries. According to Ralston et al (1993), the increase in international affairs has led to the convergence and divergence debate where organizations take strategic positions in different ways. The authors point out that convergence thesis is where economic ideology is the main driver of cultural values for example exposure to European business leads to the adoption of European culture. Thus culture is treated as something accidental that does not have any prior planning for it to take place. On the other hand, Hosfede, (1980, 1991), Adler (2002) point out that a divergence perspective recognizes a country and its cultural differences, they emphasize that culture plays a big role in influencing the way management is conducted. Ward et al (1999) and Ralston et al (1993), indicate that when two cultures meets and equally exchange ideas and values, that is cross â⠂¬â€œdivergence, this type of divergence recognizes the importance of national culture and economic ideology and the synergy between the two â€Å"â€Å"when an individual incorporates both national culture and economic ideology influences synergistically to form a unique value system that is different from the value set supported by either national culture or economic ideology† (Ralston et al, 1997: 183). According to the Centre fro Comparative Management Studies (2011) the relationship between culture and leadership styles and agrees with the notion that culture has a small but significant impact on the leadership styles of an individual , other factors that affect an individuals leadership styles are the

Nationald Gallery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nationald Gallery - Essay Example The works blend with the design and architecture of The New Art Gallery enhancing the visitor's experience of the works by showing them in new and interesting ways and making connections between old and new art. However, local artistic styles were not lost completely and they make up an essential element of the mature English Romanesque style. In religious painting, this is characterized by the use of abstracted or distorted figures, which are fully coloured and delineated by solid outlines. Frederick Antal (1962) The area above the door itself provides the artist with a large semicircular field called the tympanum within which to carve both decorative and narrative subjects, which are supplemented by ornament applied to the door jambs, arches, and capitals. These carvings are often highly imaginative and amusing blending in some religious and secular imagery within one small area. Compositions are generally formal and patterned, while physical space is indicated by rectangular background panels. Exaggerated facial expressions and gestures portray religious drama scenes. Numerous illuminated manuscripts made for the new monasteries, seemingly indicate an essential element of the Norman establishment. Azzopardi (2001) The most unique collection includes paintings, drawings, sculpture, photographs, video and installations from artists and public and private collections in Britain and abroad. Major works are included by Francis Bacon, Per Barclay, Cecil Beaton, Bruce of LA; this exhibition highlights the artist's preoccupations with urban and natural landscapes and with human perception and interaction. Encompassing large-scale video and sound installation, photography, drawing and film, it gives a first UK staging to a number of newly-completed works. Office Architects, the exhibition includes a wealth of historical and contemporary drawings alongside models, collage, computer modelling and extracts from films. While many of these ideas were intended to enthuse and convince clients about real architectural schemes, some were private fantasies, exploring how the world might have looked today had the tastes of our predecessors been different. The collection of art includes works by Robert Adam, Archigram, Sir Charles Barry, Etienne-Louis Boullee, Sir William Chambers, Foster & Partners, Future Systems, Erno Goldfinger, Eric Mendelsohn, John Nash, Softroom, Paolo Soleri and Tecton. This art includes work painted of a dramatic floor-ceiling projection recreating the artist's ascent up a thirty-five metre deep Antarctic crevasse - together with a recent commission, Sky Drawing (Night, Day), which focuses on the movement of air traffic over Birmingham. Until recently the society has been developing collaboration with Vivid, Birmingham and includes work commissioned by Vivid with the support of the Henry Moore Foundation. Infected by Gina Czarnecki and Iona Kewney is a haunting video installation about the nature of the physical body in the context of future technological possibilities, seen through dance and digitally manipulated imagery. Men in the Wall by Liz Aggiss and Billy Cowie are a four screen, 3-dimensional stereoscopic installation. Each life-size 3D 'frame' is inhabited by a man whose world is tightly choreographed and scripted. Viewers can experience the men's shared, framed lives